This series contains registers of meteorological observations made at Port Arthur. The first observations were commenced by Deputy Assistant Commissary General T J Lempriere in June 1837 with both meteorological and tide observations being recorded. After 1842, there are large gaps in the records transferred into Australian Archives custody with registers for the years 1858, 1863, 1865 and 1877 being held. 

The registers for 1858, 1863 and 1865 were maintained by J Boyd, Civil Commandant and the one for 1877 by Dr J Coverdale. Port Arthur ceased as a penal settlement in September 1877. The whereabouts of the balance of records has not been ascertained.